Fact sheet: EU battery supply chain and import reliance

This fact sheet encompasses the latest data on the EU’s role in the global battery supply chain – spanning from assembled batteries, key components, to the extraction and processing of raw materials – while highlighting the extent of its import dependence at each stage. 

• The EU represents only 7% of global battery production 
• 15% of EU battery production capacity is managed by companies headquartered in Europe 
• China and the US account for 87% of global production capacity in the upstream supply chain  
• All raw materials refining stages (except cobalt) are dominated by China 

Demand for batteries for electric vehicles (EVs) has grown significantly, and the EU has struggled to meet this demand through domestic production alone. When it comes to battery supply chain and manufacturing capacities, the EU continues to compete with major global players like China and remains heavily reliant on imports.